It is becoming increasingly significant to the global economy, as Latin America is a vast market with significant development potential. The region's real GDP growth rate is anticipated to surpass that of all other regions, with the exception of the Middle East and North Africa, by 2017. Currently, the region's GDP of $7.4 trillion accounts for 8.5 percent of global GDP.Two Significant infrastructure investments, an expanding middle class, and economic openness are generating significant business opportunities in the region. Latin American companies truly account for the majority of business in the region, despite the fact that multinational companies from outside of Latin America have a highly visible presence and receive much of the attention. In reality, Latin American corporations account for 70% of the Top 500 and 71% of the total revenues, as per our analysis of the Latin Trade Top 500. Businesses that are located within a single Latin American country are referred to as "local Latinas." Local Latinas are those who engage in minimal or no exporting.
Latina Exporters are individuals who engage in substantial exportation, whether within or beyond Latin America
Multilatinas are organizations that conduct operations in numerous Latin American countries, but they do not have substantial operations beyond the region. Regional Multilatinas are those that do not export significantly beyond Latin America. Multilatina exporters are those who do. Global Latinas are organizations that generate substantial revenue outside of Latin America and operate in numerous countries, both within and beyond the region. Latin America should be perceived as a collection of diverse individual markets, rather than a single homogeneous regional market. This is due to the fact that each country possesses its own distinctive characteristics, which can either facilitate or impede a local company's pursuit of regional and global growth. The collective impact of companies in certain countries is not always proportional to the scale of the country's economy, and these companies have a significantly greater business impact than those in other countries. Brazil is the greatest individual economy in Latin America, contributing 40% of the region's total GDP. Brazil's businesses are even more dominant, accounting for 45 percent of the region's companies and 51 percent of the revenue generated by the Latin Trade Top 500. Mexico is the second largest individual economy in the region, accounting for 21% of the region's GDP. It is home to 21% of the region's firms, which generate 22% of the region's revenues. Argentina is the third largest economy in Latin America, accounting for 9% of the region's total GDP. Nevertheless, Argentinian enterprises account for only 4% of the region's companies and only 2% of the region's revenues. These statistics demonstrate the substantial impact that a nation's local business environment can have on the competitiveness and expansion of its companies.
Example: Chile, despite being the fifth-largest economy in Latin America in terms of GDP (5 percent), has the third-highest number of companies (14 percent) and a disproportionate share of the region's revenues (10 percent). In the subsequent sections of this report, we will examine the factors that contribute to Chile's enterprises' exceptional performance.
The distinctions between countries are even more pronounced when we restrict our attention to only Global Latinas
As 80 percent of all Global Latinas are located in either Brazil (48 percent) or Mexico (32%). The Global Latinas of these two countries account for 95 percent of all Global Latina revenues, with 70 percent and 25 percent of the Brazilian and Mexican Global Latinas, respectively. In Brazil, the top three industries for Latin American companies in terms of total revenue are Oil & Gas (24%), Food (11%), and Construction (10%). The top industries remain unchanged, but the revenue percentages shift when the focus is reduced from all Latin American companies to only Global Latinas. Food (14 percent), Construction (12 percent), and Oil & Gas (36 percent; refer to Sidebar B: "State Presence in Key Industries"). Information (32%), Retail Trade (17%), and Food (9%) comprise the top three industries in Mexico for Latin American companies. However, if we restrict our attention to Global Latinas, the top three industries are Information (36%, all of which are sourced from América Móvil), Food (16%), and Nonmetallic Minerals (10%). Retail trade (28 percent), oil and gas (17 percent), and transportation (11 percent) comprise the top three industries in Chile for Latin American companies. Nevertheless, the top three industries are significantly different when restricted to Global Latinas: Transportation (30 percent), Paper (22 percent), and Chemicals (19 percent). Chile's business environment is extremely conducive to the development of Multilatinas; however, it lacks certain structural components that are essential for the establishment of Global Latinas. Consequently, the industry distribution of Chile's Global Latinas does not correspond with that of the country's overall economy, as only a limited number of Chilean companies have achieved the highest level of business development in Latin America. Our analysis revealed that certain industries are more conducive to the development and support of businesses that reach a high level of maturation across all Latin American countries.
The top three industries for Global Latinas in all of Latin America
Are Oil & Gas (32%), Food (19%), and Information (14%), where Petrobras, a Brazilian oil company, dominates the market. The top three industries for Regional Latinas are Oil & Gas (15 percent), Information (15 percent), and Retail Trade (30 percent). Retail Trade (30 percent), Information (22 percent), and Wholesale Trade (16 percent) comprise the top industries for Local Latinas. In general, businesses are motivated by one of four primary strategies, each of which has a distinct effect on a company's international expansion endeavors. Currently, the most prevalent strategy for global success among private and public companies in Latin America is cost leadership, rather than differentiation. In contrast, state-founded companies are inclined to adhere to a government-supported growth strategy that is primarily guided by monopoly power and robust government support. Local business environment Each Latin American nation has a distinctive business environment that can either facilitate or impede a company's expansion beyond its borders. Key indicators in our analysis include the ease of doing business (as measured by the World Bank's Ranking of countries based on the extent to which their regulatory environments are conducive to business) and economic freedom (as measured by the Heritage Foundation Index, which accounts for factors such as property rights, corruption, labor regulations, and banking efficiency). Wealth, productivity, and a country's recent economic history are additional critical indicators.
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