Traveling to Canada: Visa Requirements for US Citizens

 President Donald Trump and the RAISE Act advocate for a merit-based immigration system similar to the ones used by Canada and Australia. They call for the end of the diversity immigrant visa (DV) program and a significant decrease in family-based immigration paths. The U.S. immigration system is under continuous debate about how it may be reformed to protect American national security and benefit all Americans economically. Critics of the merit-based system note that this type of immigration may not be fit for the United States because it differs from Australia and Canada in many respects, including geography, size of the population, and system of governance.5 Additionally, some immigration experts argue that the DV program and family-based immigration have merit as they diversify the U.S. population and promote. A complete overhaul of the U.S. immigration to a merit-based system will not improve U.S. immigration but may instead create additional issues

This thesis revealed that although the United States Though they have flaws

DV and family-based immigration programs have great value and can be enhanced. Immigrants that enhance and diversity the United States economically and culturally are accepted by the DV program. Likewise, by investing in human capital, creativity, and entrepreneurship as well as by helping immigrants' economic integration, U.S. family-based immigrants boost the nation's economy.This study also discovered that regular system re-evaluations and changes, highly educated immigrants, and immigrant integration services define the advantages of the Australian and Canadian immigration systems. Still, the immigration processes of Australia and Canada have flaws as well. Under both the Australian and Canadian merit-based systems, highly qualified immigrants find underemployment. Furthermore, while the Australian system generates de-factual ways of low-skilled labor employment, the Canadian merit-based system causes low-skilled labor shortages. Furthermore, when it comes to the integration and application in the United States, Canadian and Australian merit-based systems show certain Challenges. For example, U.S. terrain, high population, and form of government differ from those of Canada and Australia and provide obstacles to apply a merit-based system in the United States. Considering the evaluation of the United States, This thesis suggests that the United States adopt the following changes to its immigration system to address the main issues of critics of both programs and improve the DV and family-based immigration programs: DV and family-based immigration programs and merit-based systems in Canada and Australia. Critics of the U.S. immigration system contend that family-based immigrants should be reduced in order to safeguard American national security and benefit all Americans economically.1 For this reason, there is continuous discussion on required reforms to safeguard American national security and benefit all Americans economically. Based more on family ties than on the skills they contribute to the American economy, they argue most immigrants enter the country as lawful permanent residents (LPRs). Critics also feel that the U.S. diversity visa (DV) program or green card lottery—which lets 50,000 people permanently enter to the country—should be eliminated. Though data show that the number of people accepted into the United States is modest, they contend the program is rife with fraud and raises national security issues including enabling many terrorists into the country. When compared to the overall number of immigrants admitted into the United States annually, DV program (and family-based immigration) who have engaged in terrorist acts is minimal. Moreover, some critics contend that the two immigration programs financially tax the U.S.

In response to these research issues, this thesis performed a comparative study of some U.S. and other nations' immigration policies

Particularly, this study first examined and evaluated the U.S. As they are now under review in the most recent proposed legislation, the RAISE Act, DV and family-based immigration policies This study also looked at currently in use merit-based immigration policies in Australia and Canada. Under this framework, the research looked at immigration policies considering their effects on national security and economy in their individual nations. Based on levels of education and unemployment rates, the study found which of the above mentioned immigration programs—the U.S., Canadian, and Australian—have had a favorable impact on the respective economies. Regarding effects on national security, the study found and examined which immigration laws, by means of pertinent observed programs, have produced less terrorist activities by immigrants arriving to each nation. In light of proposed changes to current immigration laws, this thesis—using lessons learnt from the U.S., Canadian, and Australian immigration policies—provided a set of policy recommendations for U.S. legislators to consider as they search for answers to enhance the U.S. immigration system.Among the arguments in the literature about the DV program, one centers on whether the program really diversifies the American population. As does Ting, Wardle argues that the program combines Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central America with continental South America as one region to minimize the number of diversity visas allocated to natives of these areas to benefit prospective European immigrants.14 Similarly, Jonathan H. Wardle argues that the program combines Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central America with continental South America as one region to minimize the number of diversity visas allocated to natives of these regions.16 As does Ting, Wardle advocates for a random lottery approach that is equitable and does not look at an applicant's country of origin, nationality, or ethnicity.16 Others counter that the DV program generates diversity rather than discrimination. For instance, Andowah A. Newton contends that the DV program improves U.S. diversity by giving Africans who have been underrepresented in terms of immigration to the United States immigration chances17 by the same token, Anna OLaw argues that although the DV program was developed mostly to help European immigrants, such as Irish and Italians, it has had unintended consequences by benefiting different groups of people, including Africans. However, a drawback can be made to the argument put forward by Newton and Law in the current literature. Some contend that the DV program hurts African nations even if it might be helping the United States by diversifying it with African immigrants. In a post by B. Different points of view are offered as to whether the DV program really promotes diversity in the United States, and even those who believe the program promotes diversity, suggest it leads to a number of negative unanticipated consequences for the participating countries. Ikubolajeh Logan and Kevin J. A. Thomas indicate the program leads to brain drain from African countries, so hindering their development. Other academics support completely doing away with the DV program. Although Cloninger says at the beginning of her article that she will discuss the strengths and shortcomings of the DV program, she fails to consider its advantages and concentrates just on its shortcomings. Cassidy Cloninger argues that the main goal of U.S.

The argument in the literature on family-based immigration mostly revolves around whether the U.S. immigration system should be built to help the U.S 

Economy rather than concentrate on family reunion. The literature on whether family-based immigration is economically beneficial to the United States is divided overall, according to Harriet Duleep and Mark Regets, who contend that family-based immigrants are benefiting the U.S. economy through their high-earning growth. Similarly, Carol L. Cleveland states that family-based immigrants contribute to economic growth via entrepreneurship. Some contend that family-based immigration offers even more benefits than only financial ones. Some writers say that family unity should be the main emphasis of the U.S. immigration system since it offers many advantages. Zoya Gubernskaya and Joanna Dreby contend, "families are a buffer that aids immigrant integration, provides a social and economic stability net for new Americans, helps incorporate, and builds new businesses in the United States." On the other hand, White House and DHS publications claim that family-based immigration compromises U.S. national security and lets terrorists and criminals into the country.37 Although scholarly research tackles the economic case. The debate on merit-based immigration centers on whether such a system helps immigrants and nations economically. Some say that since a merit-based system draws better-quality immigrants, it is economically beneficial. George J. Borjas contends that since “high-skilled immigrants earn more, pay higher taxes, and require less services than low-skilled immigrants,” Canadian immigrants are more skilled than U.S. immigrants are.38 Borjas also argues that high-skilled immigration has a positive fiscal impact on nations. Nonetheless, the supporters of merit-based systems mainly overlook these disadvantages. "As Canada, and particularly Australia, have shown, an immigration scheme which favors high-skilled applicants rather than reflecting the actual job-market needs could have subtle negative effects for both arriving workers and receiving countries," says Grace H. Parsons, who notes that Canada faces labor shortages in unskilled labor. Skilled immigrants in Australia are vying for unskilled employment; similarly, Arif Anwar contends that in Australia, skilled Canadian immigrants contend with a very competitive labor market where their foreign background This thesis seeks to show how current U.S. immigration laws and initiatives may be strengthened or enhanced. In this sense, it does a comparative study of a few Immigration policy of the United States and other nations. More especially, this study first examines and summarizes the U.S. As they are under review in the most current proposed legislation, the RAISE Act, DV and family-based immigration programs are under contention. This thesis investigates the DV and family-based immigration policies in part because of the allegations that these programs provide for terrorists to enter the United States and expose vulnerabilities to national security issues. Another argument is that these initiatives should be deleted or changed since they do not further American economic interests. The thesis also looks at merit-based immigration programs in Australia and Canada.